2013年7月9日星期二

英語四級新題型攷試應對:若何下傚瀏覽文章

  在文章的瀏覽(即略讀,skimming)過程中,對文中信息重要性的判斷能够幫助讀者疾速有傚天懂得段落的粗心。在瀏覽過程中,讀者可以通過尋找“信號詞”來區分重要信息战非重要信息。以以下出的是閱讀過程中常見的僟類“信號詞”。

1.以下詞組提示下文所波及的重要信息:

The main / important point / conclusion / reason….

The point to note here…

2.以下詞組提示了下文的結搆框架:

There are three major reasons…

3.but 跟 however表现對比,经常用來提示主要信息,例如:

The rising birth rate is not due to increased fertility, but to a sharp decline in the death rate.

4.正在文中提問能够凸起問題後的谜底,提醒讀者谜底中有主要疑息,例如:

Why is a piped water supply so important? Disease due to contaminated water is a mon cause of death in childhood.

5.有時,為了保証讀者完整懂得本身的觀點,作者會在文中反復提出本人的觀點,例如:

Death control can be achieved autonomously. In other words, the death rate can be cut without anything else changing.

6.文章的結論凡是是十分主要的,因而,讀者要在文中尋找提醒結論的“信號詞”,例如:

Thereforethe result

In conclusionwe can conclude

One of the primary conclusions

7.舉例是為了幫助讀者了解某一個觀點,是以,文中的例子不是瀏覽文章時的重要信息。在閱讀過程中,以下詞組提示讀者下文是舉例局部信息。

For example/instancelike

Such asthese include

To illustrateamong these are

有時,作者也會用破合號或括號來提示舉例信息,例如:

The developing countries are dependent on cash crops 翻 sugar, coffee, cacao, cotton.

Precipitating/violent/unexpected factors are those which reduce the food supply (droughts, floods, wars, epidemics)…

在段降瀏覽時,讀者在看到信號詞後,應不斷對下文信息做出相應的判斷,例如:

The main reason for (提示:下文信息重要) the reduction in the death rate in the developing world has been improved public health measures. For example, (提示:下文信息不重要,僅僅是為了用來証明前里的觀點) in Sri Lanka the death rate was halved over ten years by spraying the mosquitoes which carry malaria. Why (提示:問題的答案中有讀者應該關注的重點) is it so easy to cut the death rate in this way and yet so hard to reduce the birth rate? One answer (提示:這只是眾多答案中的一種,並不是最重要的。) is that public health measures can be very cheap. Anti-malarial spraying is inexpensive. But this is not the important point (提示:but後面的是无比重要的信息). For birth control programmes to be successful, a change in attitude is required, whereas death control can be achieved autonomously. In other words, (提示:這裏是作者念要強調的重要信息) the death rate can be cut without anything else changing.

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